Breadcrumb Home Challenges for the surface and sub-surface Challenges for the surface and sub-surface Share BRGM, the French geological survey, is France’s reference public institution for Earth Science applications. Its activity is organised around 6 major societal issues. Section summary Geology and knowledge of the subsurface Groundwater management Risks and spatial planning Mineral resources and the circular economy Subsurface potential for the energy transition Digital data, services and infrastructure